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Famous Battles of Ancient Greece

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Battle of Marathon

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Date: September 490 BC, Belligerents: Athens and Plataea vs Achaemenid Empire, Outcome: Greek victory, Significance: Prevented Persian expansion into Europe, marked by the legendary run of Pheidippides to Athens.

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Battle of Thermopylae

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Date: August 480 BC, Belligerents: Allied Greek city-states vs Persian Empire, Outcome: Persian victory, Significance: Emblematic of the heroic last stand, exemplified by the 300 Spartans led by King Leonidas.

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Battle of Salamis

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Date: September 480 BC, Belligerents: Greek city-states vs Persian Empire, Outcome: Greek victory, Significance: Decisive naval battle that crippled Persian naval power and was a turning point in the Greco-Persian Wars.

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Battle of Plataea

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Date: 27 August 479 BC, Belligerents: Greek city-states vs Persian Empire, Outcome: Greek victory, Significance: Last major battle of the second Persian invasion of Greece, securing Greek independence.

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Battle of Mycale

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Date: August 479 BC, Belligerents: Greek city-states vs Persian Empire, Outcome: Greek victory, Significance: Coordinated land-sea operation that led to further Greek advances against Persians in Asia Minor.

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Battle of Artemisium

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Date: August 480 BC, Belligerents: Greek city-states vs Persian Empire, Outcome: Inconclusive, Significance: Held the Persian navy in check while battles of Thermopylae occurred, showcased Greek naval resolve.

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Battle of Leuctra

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Date: July 371 BC, Belligerents: Thebes (Boeotian League) vs Sparta, Outcome: Theban victory, Significance: Ended Spartan hegemony, showcased the tactical genius of Epaminondas and the oblique formation.

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Battle of Issus

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Date: November 333 BC, Belligerents: Macedonian Empire vs Achaemenid Persian Empire, Outcome: Macedonian victory, Significance: Alexander the Great's first major victory against Persia, demonstrated his tactical genius.

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Battle of Gaugamela

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Date: 1 October 331 BC, Belligerents: Macedonian Empire vs Persian Empire, Outcome: Decisive Macedonian victory, Significance: Led to the fall of the Achaemenid Empire and Alexander's control over Persia.

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Battle of Chaeronea

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Date: August 338 BC, Belligerents: Macedon vs Coalition of Greek city-states, Outcome: Macedonian victory, Significance: Macedonian dominance over Greece was assured, led to the rise of Alexander the Great.

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Battle of Cynoscephalae

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Date: 197 BC, Belligerents: Rome vs Macedon, Outcome: Roman victory, Significance: Marked the rise of Roman power in Greece and the decline of the Macedonian kingdom.

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Battle of Granicus

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Date: May 334 BC, Belligerents: Macedonian Kingdom vs Persian satraps of Asia Minor, Outcome: Macedonian victory, Significance: Alexander the Great's first major battle in Asia, secured western Asia Minor for Macedon.

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Battle of Pydna

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Date: 22 June 168 BC, Belligerents: Rome vs Macedon, Outcome: Roman victory, Significance: Led to the Roman annexation of Macedonia, displayed the effectiveness of the Roman legion against the phalanx.

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Battle of Hydaspes

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Date: May 326 BC, Belligerents: Macedonian Empire vs Kingdom of Paurava (India), Outcome: Macedonian victory, Significance: Earned Alexander the Great a formidable reputation in India and allowed further eastward expansion.

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Battle of Corinth

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Date: 146 BC, Belligerents: Rome vs Achaean League, Outcome: Roman victory, Significance: Complete destruction of Corinth, marked the end of Greek independence and the Roman conquest of Greece.

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Battle of Aegospotami

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Date: 405 BC, Belligerents: Sparta vs Athens, Outcome: Spartan victory, Significance: Final battle of the Peloponnesian War, resulted in the surrender of Athens and the end of the Athenian Empire.

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Battle of Arginusae

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Date: 406 BC, Belligerents: Athens vs Sparta, Outcome: Athenian victory, Significance: Notable for the controversial aftermath in Athens, where victorious generals were executed for failing to rescue stranded sailors.

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Battle of Mantinea

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Date: 362 BC, Belligerents: Thebes vs Sparta and allies, Outcome: Theban victory, Significance: Showcased the military might of Thebes under Epaminondas, but his death led to the decline of Thebes' power.

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Battle of Delium

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Date: 424 BC, Belligerents: Athens vs Boeotia, Outcome: Boeotian victory, Significance: Marked the complexity and ferocity of hoplite warfare during the Peloponnesian War.

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Battle of the Eurymedon

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Date: 466 BC, Belligerents: Delian League vs Persian Empire, Outcome: Greek victory, Significance: Solidified the naval power of the Delian League and pushed Persian influence out of the Aegean Sea.

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