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Time period: c. 2070–1600 BCE, Notable emperors: Yu the Great, Key accomplishments: Establishment of the hereditary system, founding of the Chinese civilization according to traditional accounts.

Time period: c. 1600–1046 BCE, Notable emperors: Tang of Shang and King Wu Ding, Key accomplishments: Earliest known Chinese writing (oracle bones), development of bronze work and the Anyang capital.

Time period: c. 1046–256 BCE, Notable emperors: King Wu and King Zhou, Key accomplishments: The Mandate of Heaven concept, the establishment of feudalism, and the beginnings of Confucianism and Taoism.

Time period: 221–206 BCE, Notable emperors: Qin Shi Huang, Key accomplishments: Unification of China, standardization of currency, weights and measures, and script, construction of the first sections of the Great Wall.

Time period: 206 BCE – 220 CE, Notable emperors: Emperor Wu, Key accomplishments: The Silk Road trade route establishment, cultural and technological advancement, Confucianism as state ideology.

Time period: 220–280 CE, Key accomplishments: Significant advances in medicine, astronomy, and military technology.

Time period: 266–420 CE, Notable emperors: Emperor Wu of Jin, Key accomplishments: Successfully reuniting China after the Three Kingdoms period, surviving the barbarian invasions at the end of the dynasty.

Time period: 581–618 CE, Notable emperors: Emperor Wen and Emperor Yang, Key accomplishments: Reunification of China after centuries of division, construction of the Grand Canal, initiation of the reconstruction of the Great Wall.

Time period: 618–907 CE, Notable emperors: Emperor Taizong and Empress Wu Zetian, Key accomplishments: Establishment of a comprehensive code of laws, the promotion of Buddhism, the cosmopolitan culture, with its capital at Chang'an being the largest city in the world.

Time period: 960–1279 CE, Notable emperors: Emperor Taizu, Key accomplishments: Invention of gunpowder and movable type printing, great advances in navigation and maritime trade, development of a permanent standing navy.

Time period: 1271–1368 CE, Notable emperors: Kublai Khan, Key accomplishments: Unification of China under Mongol rule, significant cultural exchange due to extensive trade networks, notably with Europe along the Silk Road.

Time period: 1368–1644 CE, Notable emperors: Emperor Yongle, Key accomplishments: Construction of the Forbidden City, maritime expeditions led by Zheng He, the completion of the Great Wall of China as it is known today.