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The Pharaohs of Egypt
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Narmer
Reign: c. 3150 BCE, Major Achievements: Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, Funerary Monument: None known
Djoser
Reign: c. 2670 BCE, Major Achievements: Commissioned the Step Pyramid, Constructions: Step Pyramid at Saqqara, Funerary Monument: Step Pyramid at Saqqara
Sneferu
Reign: c. 2613-2589 BCE, Major Achievements/Constructions: Built the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid, Funerary Monument: The Red Pyramid
Khufu
Reign: c. 2589-2566 BCE, Major Achievements/Constructions: The Great Pyramid of Giza, Funerary Monument: The Great Pyramid of Giza
Hatshepsut
Reign: c. 1473-1458 BCE, Major Achievements/Constructions: Deir el-Bahri Temple, Funerary Monument: Mortuary Temple at Deir el-Bahri
Thutmose III
Reign: c. 1479-1425 BCE, Major Achievements/Constructions: Many military campaigns, expanded empire to its furthest extent, Funerary Monument: His tomb in the Valley of the Kings
Amenhotep III
Reign: c. 1386-1349 BCE, Major Achievements/Constructions: Colossi of Memnon, Temple of Luxor, Funerary Monument: His tomb in the Valley of the Kings
Akhenaten
Reign: c. 1353-1336 BCE, Major Achievements/Constructions: Religious reform towards monotheism (Atenism), Akhetaten (modern-day Amarna), Funerary Monument: Royal Tomb at Amarna
Tutankhamun
Reign: c. 1332-1323 BCE, Major Achievements/Constructions: Restoration of the old gods, Funerary Monument: His nearly intact tomb in the Valley of the Kings
Ramesses II
Reign: c. 1279-1213 BCE, Major Achievements/Constructions: Abu Simbel, Ramesseum, Battle of Kadesh, Funerary Monument: His tomb in the Valley of the Kings
Seti I
Reign: c. 1290-1279 BCE, Major Achievements/Constructions: Completed the Hypostyle Hall at Karnak, Temple of Seti I at Abydos, Funerary Monument: His tomb in the Valley of the Kings
Queen Nefertari
Reign Period: Not a reigning pharaoh, but lived during 19th Dynasty, Major Achievement: Important cultural and diplomatic work, Funerary Monument: Her impressive tomb in the Valley of the Queens
Cleopatra VII
Reign: 51-30 BCE, Major Achievements: Last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, sought to defend Egypt from the expanding Roman Empire, Funerary Monument: Unknown
Nefertiti
Reign Period: Not a reigning pharaoh, but served as the Great Royal Wife during 18th Dynasty, Major Achievements: Prominent cultural and religious figure during the Amarna Period, Funerary Monument: Tomb possibly located in the Valley of the Kings, remains unidentified
Merenptah
Reign: c. 1213-1203 BCE, Major Achievements: Victorious in the Battle against the Libyans and Sea Peoples, Funerary Monument: His tomb in the Valley of the Kings
Pepi II
Reign: c. 2278-2184 BCE, Major Achievements: Longest reigning pharaoh (possibly 94 years), Constructions: Several pyramids and temples, Funerary Monument: Pyramid in Saqqara
Amenhotep II
Reign: c. 1427–1401 BCE, Major Achievements: Successful military campaigns in Asia, known for his athleticism, Funerary Monument: His tomb in the Valley of the Kings
Ahmose I
Reign: c. 1549–1524 BCE, Major Achievements: Expulsion of the Hyksos and reunification of Egypt, Constructions: Last pyramid built by native Egyptian rulers, Funerary Monument: His pyramid at Abydos
Thutmose IV
Reign: c. 1401-1391 BCE, Major Achievements: Dream Stele which tells of his divine selection as pharaoh, Peace treaty with Mitanni, Funerary Monument: His tomb in the Valley of the Kings
Sobekneferu
Reign: 1806–1802 BCE, Major Achievements: Last ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty, known for assuming male titles and regalia, Funerary Monument: Unknown, possible pyramid enclosure at Mazghuna
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