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The Kingdoms of Ancient India
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Maurya Empire
Time period: 322–185 BCE, Major rulers: Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka, Contributions: Spread of Buddhism, Mauryan art and architecture, Arthashastra
Gupta Empire
Time period: c. 320–550 CE, Major rulers: Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, Chandragupta II, Contributions: Golden Age of India, advancements in science and mathematics, classical art forms
Chola Dynasty
Time period: c. 300 BCE–1279 CE, Major rulers: Rajaraja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I, Contributions: Navy dominance, temple architecture, bronze sculpture
Pala Empire
Time period: c. 750–1174 CE, Major rulers: Gopala, Dharmapala, Devapala, Contributions: Promotion of Mahayana Buddhism, Nalanda University, Pala school of sculptural art
Satavahana Dynasty
Time period: 1st century BCE–3rd century CE, Major rulers: Simuka, Satakarni, Gautamiputra Satakarni, Contributions: Promotion of Prakrit literature, Naneghat inscriptions, architecture and coinage
Kushan Empire
Time period: 1st–3rd century CE, Major rulers: Kujula Kadphises, Kanishka I, Contributions: Silk Road trade, Greco-Buddhist art, propagation of Mahayana Buddhism
Rashtrakuta Dynasty
Time period: 8th–10th century CE, Major rulers: Dantidurga, Amoghavarsha I, Krishna III, Contributions: Kailasa temple, Rashtrakuta literature, advancements in astronomy and mathematics
Harsha's Empire
Time period: c. 606–647 CE, Major ruler: Harsha, Contributions: Harshacharita, Nalanda University patronage, assemblies at Prayaga and Kannauj
Pratihara Empire
Time period: Mid 7th–11th century CE, Major rulers: Nagabhata I, Mihira Bhoja, Contributions: Resistance against Arab invasions, temple architecture, patronage of arts
Vijayanagara Empire
Time period: 1336–1646 CE, Major rulers: Harihara I, Bukka Raya I, Krishnadevaraya, Contributions: Hampi architectural complex, Vijayanagara literature, promotion of the fine arts
Pallava Dynasty
Time period: c. 275–897 CE, Major rulers: Mahendravarman I, Narasimhavarman I, Contributions: Dravidian architecture (e.g., Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram), Pallava Grantha script, development of classical dance forms
Shunga Empire
Time period: 185–73 BCE, Major ruler: Pushyamitra Shunga, Contributions: Patronage of Hinduism, art and cultural revival, development of the Stupa at Bharhut
Kanva Dynasty
Time period: 73–28 BCE, Major ruler: Vasudeva Kanva, Contributions: Restoration of Hindu traditions, maintenance of order and economy after the Shunga Empire
Hoysala Empire
Time period: c. 1026–1343 CE, Major rulers: Vishnuvardhana, Ballala III, Contributions: Hoysala architecture (e.g., Chennakesava Temple), patronage of Kannada and Sanskrit literature, promotion of Jainism and Vaishnavism
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