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The Ancient Silk Road
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Chang'an (Xi'an)
Located in present-day Shaanxi Province, China; the eastern terminus and a key imperial capital of the Silk Road, significant for its political and cultural influence.
Merv
Situated in present-day Turkmenistan; a major oasis city on the Silk Road and one of its richest due to its location at the crossroads of trade routes.
Samarkand
Located in today's Uzbekistan; an essential Silk Road stop known for its central location and rich transcontinental trade that made it a melting pot of cultures.
Bukhara
Situated in modern-day Uzbekistan; a major trading center with a long history of culture, scholarship, and religion, flourishing with caravanserais and markets.
Khotan
Located in the modern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China; significant for its production of silk and jade, which were traded along the Silk Road.
Kashgar
In today's western Xinjiang, China; strategically located at the junction of the northern and southern Silk Road routes, it was a key trade and cultural hub.
Dunhuang
Found in the Gansu Province of China; notable for the Mogao Caves, it was a critical point where Silk Road travelers would rest and exchange goods.
Tashkent
Located in present-day Uzbekistan; it became a prosperous city on the Silk Road due to its favorable geographic position for trade between Asia and Europe.
Aleppo
Positioned in modern-day Syria; a key trade center that connected the Silk Road with the Mediterranean, facilitating the exchange of Asian goods and Western trade.
Damascus
Situated in Syria; it was one of the most important western termini of the Silk Road, renowned for its craftsmanship, particularly in blades and textiles.
Isfahan
Located in present-day Iran; a significant stop that was famous for its textiles and artisan products, it played a crucial role in the trade between East and West.
Ctesiphon
In modern-day Iraq near Baghdad; as the capital city of the Parthian and Sassanian Empires, it was a major commercial center on the Silk Road.
Rayy (Rhages)
Located near today's Tehran in Iran; historically recognized for its affluence from Silk Road commerce and its contributions to Islamic culture and scholarship.
Antioch
Lying in modern-day Turkey; it was once one of the greatest cities of the Hellenistic kingdoms and an important endpoint for Silk Road goods being funnelled to Europe.
Taxila
Located in what is now Pakistan; an ancient city and center of learning, attracted scholars and traders on the Silk Road, helping to spread culture and religious ideas.
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