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Energy Systems in Exercise
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ATP-PCr System (Phosphagen System)
Immediate energy source utilizing stored ATP and phosphocreatine; predominantly used in explosive activities such as sprinting or heavy lifting lasting up to 10 seconds.
Glycolytic System (Anaerobic Glycolysis)
Produces ATP through the breakdown of glucose without oxygen; predominantly used in activities lasting from 30 seconds to about 2 minutes, such as 400-meter sprints or intense circuit training.
Oxidative System (Aerobic System)
Generates ATP through the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins with oxygen; predominantly used in activities lasting longer than 2 minutes, such as distance running or cycling.
Beta-Oxidation
Fatty acid oxidation process generating ATP; predominantly used during prolonged low to moderate intensity exercise, such as marathons or long-distance swimming.
Protein Metabolism in Exercise
Least common energy source, proteins are broken down into amino acids; used during starvation or ultra-endurance events when glycogen stores are depleted.
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