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Beetroot juice, which is high in nitrates, can enhance blood flow, reduce oxygen cost of low-intensity exercise, and enhance tolerance to high-intensity exercise.

Caffeine enhances endurance performance by reducing perceived effort and possibly enhancing fat utilization.

Proper hydration maintains blood volume, regulates body temperature, and prevents dehydration during endurance activities.

Efficient recovery nutrition involves intake of carbohydrates to replenish glycogen stores and protein to repair muscle damage.

Energy gels provide quick, portable, and easily digestible carbohydrates during endurance events.

Multivitamin supplements can help fill nutritional gaps in an athlete's diet, ensuring that all micronutrient needs are met for optimal performance.

Carbohydrates provide a readily available source of energy during long-duration activities and help maintain blood glucose levels.

Omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce inflammation and improve recovery and cardiovascular health in endurance athletes.

Adequate iron levels are crucial for athletes to prevent anemia and ensure optimal oxygen transport and energy metabolism.

Protein supports muscle repair and growth, immune function, and can act as a secondary energy source during prolonged exercise.

Electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, help maintain fluid balance, prevent cramping, and support nerve and muscle function.

BCAAs can reduce muscle breakdown during endurance events, delay fatigue, and improve mental focus.

Beta-Alanine supplementation can improve muscle carnosine levels and buffer hydrogen ions, potentially delaying the onset of fatigue.

Fat is a dense energy source that becomes more important in longer, lower-intensity endurance sports where glycogen stores are depleted.