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The rate at which an athlete loses water through perspiration. Monitoring this can help in designing an effective hydration strategy during exercise to replace fluids and maintain performance.

Minerals in the body fluid that are essential for various bodily functions. They help regulate nerve and muscle function, hydrate the body, balance blood acidity and pressure, and help rebuild damaged tissue, which is particularly important for athletes.

The process of providing adequate water to the body to maintain optimal physiological function, which is crucial for athletes to prevent dehydration, regulate body temperature, and maintain performance levels.

The maintenance of the proper level of fluids in the body. It is a key factor in optimal athletic performance and overall health, requiring a careful balance of fluid intake and losses.

A condition of having an excess of body water, which can also be harmful. Athletes sometimes aim for temporary hyperhydration before activities in hot climates to delay the onset of hydration, but it must be managed carefully.

A state where the body loses more fluids than it takes in. It can lead to decreased performance, heat illness, and cognitive impairment, making it vital for athletes to manage fluid intake before, during, and after exercise.

A state of insufficient total body water. For athletes, this condition can compromise muscle function, thermoregulation, and cardiovascular performance, emphasizing the importance of adequate fluid intake before physical activity.

Occurs when the balance of electrolytes in the body is disrupted due to excessive water intake. This can lead to hyponatremia, a dangerous condition for athletes, emphasizing the need for balanced hydration practices.

The physiological adaptation to the stress of physical exertion in a particular climate, which includes improving the body's ability to manage fluid and electrolyte balance, critical for athletes competing or training in extreme conditions.