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Antiarrhythmic Drugs
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Amiodarone
Class: Class III, Mechanism of action: Potassium channel blocker, also blocks sodium and calcium channels and has alpha- and beta-blocking properties, Indications: Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation
Lidocaine
Class: Class Ib, Mechanism of action: Sodium channel blocker, primarily affecting ventricular cells, Indications: Acute ventricular arrhythmias especially post-MI
Propranolol
Class: Class II, Mechanism of action: Non-selective beta-blocker, Indications: Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, prevention of MI recurrence
Quinidine
Class: Class Ia, Mechanism of action: Sodium channel blocker with anticholinergic activity, Indications: Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias
Flecainide
Class: Class Ic, Mechanism of action: Sodium channel blocker with little effect on AP duration, Indications: Supraventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation/flutter
Sotalol
Class: Class III, Mechanism of action: Beta-blocker with potassium channel blocking properties, Indications: Atrial fibrillation/flutter, ventricular arrhythmias
Dofetilide
Class: Class III, Mechanism of action: Selective potassium channel blocker, Indications: Atrial fibrillation/flutter conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm
Procainamide
Class: Class Ia, Mechanism of action: Sodium channel blocker with some potassium channel effects, Indications: Acute ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation
Diltiazem
Class: Class IV, Mechanism of action: Calcium channel blocker with both vascular and cardiac effects, Indications: Supraventricular tachycardia, rate control in atrial fibrillation/flutter
Digoxin
Class: Cardiac glycoside, Mechanism of action: Inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase leading to increased intracellular calcium, Indications: Atrial fibrillation, heart failure
Disopyramide
Class: Class Ia, Mechanism of action: Sodium channel blocker, Indications: Ventricular tachycardia, certain forms of supraventricular tachycardia
Adenosine
Class: Unassigned, Mechanism of action: Activates adenosine receptors, leading to hyperpolarization and conductance decrease in AV node, Indications: Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)
Verapamil
Class: Class IV, Mechanism of action: Calcium channel blocker, Indications: Supraventricular arrhythmias, rate control in atrial fibrillation/flutter
Atenolol
Class: Class II, Mechanism of action: Selective beta1-blocker, Indications: Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, hypertension, post-MI
Esmolol
Class: Class II, Mechanism of action: Short-acting selective beta1-blocker, Indications: Supraventricular tachycardias, intraoperative and perioperative tachycardia
Nadolol
Class: Class II, Mechanism of action: Non-selective beta-blocker, Indications: Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, angina pectoris
Propafenone
Class: Class Ic, Mechanism of action: Sodium channel blocker, Indications: Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation/flutter prevention
Ibutilide
Class: Class III, Mechanism of action: Potassium channel blocker, Indications: Conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter
Mexiletine
Class: Class Ib, Mechanism of action: Sodium channel blocker similar to Lidocaine, Indications: Ventricular tachycardia, prevention of ventricular arrhythmias
Dronedarone
Class: Class III, Mechanism of action: Similar to amiodarone but with less thyroid and lung side effects, Indications: Atrial fibrillation/flutter to reduce hospitalization
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