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The vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium.

The muscular middle layer of the heart wall responsible for the heart's contracting action.

The body's main artery that takes oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.

A large vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium.

The double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels, providing protection and support.

The two lower chambers of the heart, which pump blood out to the body and lungs.

Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange.

The valve that regulates blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and prevents backflow into the ventricle.

Structures that open and close to control blood flow through the heart, ensuring one-directional flow.

Veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

A valve that lets blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle, but not backward.

The wall that divides the right and left sides of the heart, preventing oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood from mixing.

A part of the electrical conduction system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart and delays the impulse before passing it to the ventricles.

The inner lining of the heart chambers, which provides a smooth surface for blood to flow across.

The two upper chambers of the heart, where blood is collected before being passed to the ventricles.

A valve that lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, but not backward.

Acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart, initiating each cardiac cycle and setting the pace of the heartbeat.

The blood vessels that supply the heart muscle (myocardium) with oxygen and nutrients.

The heart strings, or tendinous chords, that anchor the AV valve leaflets to the papillary muscles in the ventricles, preventing valve inversion.