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Basic Anatomy of the Heart
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Atria
The two upper chambers of the heart, where blood is collected before being passed to the ventricles.
Ventricles
The two lower chambers of the heart, which pump blood out to the body and lungs.
Mitral Valve
A valve that lets blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, but not backward.
Tricuspid Valve
A valve that lets blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle, but not backward.
Aortic Valve
The valve that controls blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta, and prevents backflow into the ventricle.
Pulmonary Valve
The valve that regulates blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and prevents backflow into the ventricle.
Septum
The wall that divides the right and left sides of the heart, preventing oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood from mixing.
Aorta
The body's main artery that takes oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
Pulmonary Arteries
Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange.
Superior Vena Cava
A large vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium.
Inferior Vena Cava
The vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium.
Pulmonary Veins
Veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Endocardium
The inner lining of the heart chambers, which provides a smooth surface for blood to flow across.
Myocardium
The muscular middle layer of the heart wall responsible for the heart's contracting action.
Pericardium
The double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels, providing protection and support.
Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)
A part of the electrical conduction system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart and delays the impulse before passing it to the ventricles.
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
Acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart, initiating each cardiac cycle and setting the pace of the heartbeat.
Cardiac Valves
Structures that open and close to control blood flow through the heart, ensuring one-directional flow.
Coronary Arteries
The blood vessels that supply the heart muscle (myocardium) with oxygen and nutrients.
Chordae Tendineae
The heart strings, or tendinous chords, that anchor the AV valve leaflets to the papillary muscles in the ventricles, preventing valve inversion.
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