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Vascular Diseases

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Carotid Artery Disease

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Symptoms: no symptoms until carotid artery is severely narrowed or blocked, might result in a stroke. Risk factors: high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking. Treatment options: lifestyle changes, medications, carotid endarterectomy.

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Pulmonary Embolism

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Symptoms: sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing up blood. Risk factors: deep vein thrombosis, surgery, sedentary lifestyle. Treatment options: anticoagulants, clot dissolvers, preventative measures.

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Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

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Symptoms: swelling, pain, redness in affected limb. Risk factors: surgery, cancer, prolonged immobility. Treatment options: anticoagulant medication, compression stockings, inferior vena cava filters.

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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

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Symptoms: swelling, pain, redness in a leg. Risk factors: prolonged sitting, genetic conditions, certain medications. Treatment options: blood thinners, compression stockings, thrombectomy.

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Kawasaki Disease

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Symptoms: fever, rash, swelling of hands and feet. Risk factors: mainly affects children, unknown cause, possibly infectious or immune conditions. Treatment options: high-dose aspirin, intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids.

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Buerger's Disease

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Symptoms: limb pain, leg or foot ulcers, gangrene. Risk factors: smoking, male gender, genetics. Treatment options: smoking cessation, medications, sometimes amputation.

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Atherosclerosis

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Symptoms: chest pain, leg pain, muscle weakness. Risk factors: high cholesterol, smoking, hypertension. Treatment options: lifestyle changes, medications, surgery.

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Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

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Symptoms: leg pain, leg numbness, slow healing sores. Risk factors: diabetes, smoking, obesity. Treatment options: lifestyle modifications, medications, angioplasty.

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Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)

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Symptoms: sudden numbness, confusion, trouble speaking or seeing. Risk factors: hypertension, smoking, diabetes. Treatment options: clot-busting drugs, mechanical thrombectomy, rehabilitation.

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Lymphedema

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Symptoms: limb swelling, recurring infections, thickening of the skin. Risk factors: lymph node removal, radiation therapy, infection. Treatment options: compression garments, manual lymph drainage, surgery.

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Giant Cell Arteritis

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Symptoms: headache, jaw pain upon chewing, vision loss. Risk factors: age over 50, female gender, family history. Treatment options: high-dose steroids, tocilizumab, regular monitoring for complications.

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Peripheral Venous Disease

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Symptoms: leg swelling, varicose veins, skin changes. Risk factors: age, pregnancy, prolonged standing. Treatment options: leg elevation, compression stockings, vein procedures.

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Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)

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Symptoms: headache, seizures, neurological symptoms. Risk factors: congenital condition, hereditary, sometimes unknown causes. Treatment options: observation, embolization, surgery.

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Aortic Aneurysm

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Symptoms: back pain, deep chest pain, shortness of breath. Risk factors: smoking, high blood pressure, family history. Treatment options: monitoring, endovascular repair, open surgery.

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Thrombophlebitis

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Symptoms: inflammation, redness, pain along a vein. Risk factors: IV catheters, prolonged immobility, clotting disorders. Treatment options: warm compresses, anti-inflammatory medications, anticoagulants.

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Hypertension

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Symptoms: often asymptomatic, severe headaches, nosebleed. Risk factors: obesity, family history, stress. Treatment options: lifestyle changes, medications, regular monitoring.

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Chronic Venous Insufficiency

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Symptoms: leg swelling, varicose veins, itchy legs. Risk factors: prolonged standing, obesity, deep vein thrombosis. Treatment options: compression stockings, exercise, vein surgery.

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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

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Symptoms: deep abdominal pain, back pain, pulsatile mass. Risk factors: male gender, smoking, age. Treatment options: surveillance, endovascular repair, surgical intervention.

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Raynaud's Disease

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Symptoms: fingers or toes turn blue, sensation of coldness, numbness. Risk factors: cold temperatures, stress, family history. Treatment options: avoiding cold, vasodilators, biofeedback.

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Varicose Veins

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Symptoms: visibly enlarged veins, leg heaviness, aching. Risk factors: age, pregnancy, family history. Treatment options: compression therapy, sclerotherapy, laser treatment.

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